你已经被盯上了？近两百万新西兰人被警方默默打上“标签”
2019年4月15日 11:32
新西兰先驱报中文网 Frank 编译 根据“奥塔哥每日时报”的调查显示，近200万新西兰人在警方的系统中被打上了警告标签，提醒警方对他们多加留意。被在数据库中打上标签的人们通常并不知情，一位业内领先的安全分析师表示，警方系统对民众的广泛扫描引发了隐私问题。
那么，你最近驾照是否被吊销过?是否接受过警方的审查？你有枪支执照吗？
如果答案是肯定的，那么你的名字很有可能出现在警方的国家情报应用程序（NIA）中，你的名字下面至少会有一个警示标签。
警方的数据库中共有126个不同的警示标签，包括枪支执照持有人、警方已知的艾滋病毒阳性携带者，以及恋童癖和已被定罪的杀人犯等。
根据“奥塔哥时报”通过官方信息法获得的数据显示，新西兰有1988963人被警方贴上了警示标签，占总人口的40%以上，平均每人名下有1.7个标签。
在奥塔哥和Southland,有112459人（34%）名下带有标签。
最常见的标签类别名为“审查监控（Vetting Monitor）”，在全国范围内有57万人被打上了74万个该类标签。
警方的专业性保障总经理Mike Webb表示，人们被打上标签，证明他们已经被警察的审查服务检查过。
“参与家庭暴力”是第二常用的类别，有29.5万人被打上了64万个该类标签。
Webb表示，无论是嫌疑犯，受害者还是证人，都会因为参与一起家庭伤害案件后被自动标记。
第三个最常用的标签类别是“被吊销驾照”，有43万个。
有些标签会很快过期，但另外一些则会伴随终生。
警方保障组国家犯罪登记员Mike Rawsthorn表示，例如“失踪人员”标签会在找到该人行踪后过期，在警方参与至家庭暴力事件两年后标签就会过期。但类似于有自杀倾向和使用/携带枪支的标签是无限期的，只在发现情报错误后才会取消。
地点和车辆也可以被标记，例如帮派车辆或被盗车辆。
枪支许可证标签会自动生成并添加至持有人名下，会随着枪支许可证到期而到期，并且可以添加至非公民名下，例如基督城枪击案主犯的名下就有该标签。
一般情况下，在NIA系统中为某人添加标签时，该人不会得到通知，但是依照具体案例也会有不同。
比如有可能成为家庭暴力受害者的人们会收到警报。
NIA系统对于前线警员的职责也至关重要。
当警员前往处理案件时，警局会通过电台向前线警员通报所涉人员或地点的标签，以便警员们做好应对。
例如，如果有人有“袭警”的标签，警员可能会呼叫支援。
该系统也可以通过警员的手机进行访问。
这套系统被用来取代警方之前使用的，设置在Whanganui的电脑系统，NIA不仅仅是一个标签数据库，其涵盖的内容还包括案底，违法信息，事故和案件管理档案。
自2001年开始运作以来，已经出现过几起警员滥用该系统的情况。
根据“英文先驱报”的报道，2009年8月的数据显示，自2007年8月以来，已有33名工作人员被发现未经授权检查NIA内的数据。其中9人随后辞职。
两年后，警方的内部调查发现高级警员Terry Beatson泄露了该系统中的信息，用以与其妻子的前夫争斗，他在四年中17次打开了该男子的档案。
近年来，警方也多次出现不正当访问南方数据库的行为。
自2015年以来，至少有82箱针对奥塔哥和Southland地区警官的不正当行为指控。
关于新西兰警方的不当行为，人们的反应不一。
隐私专员John Edwards不会接受采访，但发言人 Charles Mabbett在一封邮件中曾表示，隐私委员会对NIA并不存在普遍的担忧，但是会关注他们了解到的具体问题。
梅西大学安全研究学讲师，前新西兰全情报局情报官Rhys Ball说，该系统的一个问题是其庞大的数据量，以及警方是否有足够的资源来及时管理和使用情报。
“正如他们所说，使用过多的数据就好像用一根消防龙头尝试灌满一个玻璃杯一样。”
安全分析师Paul Buchanan表示，该系统引发了隐私问题。
“尽管我理解大多数标签是合法的，以及标记受害者或家庭暴力参与者的必要性，但NIA系统给人的感觉仍然像是在小池塘里撒下了大渔网。”
警方表示，与艾滋病毒有关的标签仅仅被贴在了曾被警方拘留过，并自我坦白的人身上，这是常规健康检查和风险评估的一部分，与医疗记录无关。
医生Buchanan说，虽然他对艾滋病毒标签的担忧已经缓解，但是他仍然担心一些标签所带来的隐私问题以及它们贴在一个人身上的时间长短。
“虽然许多标签是合法且合理的，但是另外一些似乎有些武断、过于宽泛，例如警方在’其他’类别下的标签。”
新西兰艾滋病基金会首席执行官Jason Myers说，他以前并没有意识到艾滋病毒标签的存在，但他希望这不会导致病人感到耻辱。
“一般情况下艾滋病人并不会被认为是一种风险。”
任何人都可以向警方申请了解自己身上的标签，你可以在网上申请或前往警察局询问。
以下是所有的标签种类：
Person Alerts
AA Plan Intervention Curfew
Alcohol & Drug Addiction Act Order/s
Alcohol Interlock device required
Arsonist
Breaches Court Bail
Breaches EM Bail
Breaches Police Bail
CAPPS Alert
Child Abuser (Physical)
Child Abuser (Sexual)
Child Sex Offender
CJP Referral User Failed to Complete
Committed To Psychiatric Hospital
Convicted Murderer
Court Orders (Other)
CYP Family Group Conference Restrictions
CYP Subject of Custody Order (S101/102 OT Act 1989)
CYP Subject of Place of Safety Warrant
CYP Voluntary Curfew
CYP Voluntary Disqualification
CYP Voluntary Non Association
CYP Voluntary Prohibition
Dementia / Alzheimer's Disease
Deported / Removed from New Zealand
DNA Application Filed
DNA Data bank Compulsion Notice (DCN) Issued and Served
DNA Databank Compulsion Notice Candidate
DNA Hit
Domestic Violence Act Protection Orders
Drug Cultivator
Drug Manufacturer
Drug Supplier
Drug User
E M Bail
E M Bail User Approved Variation
Escapes from Custody
Family Safety Team Intervention Subject
Family Violence High Risk
Family Violence Involvement
Financial Intelligence Held
Fines Warrant
Fingerprint Hit
Firearms Endorsement Breach
Firearms Licence Breach
Firearms Licence Expired
Firearms Licence Holder
Forbidden to Drive Medical review to be undertaken by NZTA
Gang Alert
Health (Other)
Hepatitis Positive
High Risk Offender
HIV (AIDS) Carrier or Positive
Home Detention
Imprisoned
Imprisoned Overseas
Indefinite Disqualification
Intelligence Information Required / Held
Licensed Premises Manager / Licensee
Liquor Licensing Officer Information
Medically / physically unable to provide blood specimen S60(3C) LTA
Mental Health
Missing
Multi Agency High Risk
Multiple Traffic Warnings
Offender Management Plan in Place
Other (Specify)
Overseas Conviction
Paedophile
Parole Recall Warrant
Partial Disqualification
Photo Driver Licence Card Cancelled
Police Recruit Applicant
Police Restrictions
Police Safety Order Breached
Police Safety Order Breached / Person Wanted
Police Safety Order Service
Police Safety Order Wanted for Service
Pornographer
Prisoner to be Released
PSPPI Certificate of Approval Application
PSPPI Certificate of Approval Issued
PSPPI Licence Application
PSPPI Licence Issued
PSPPI Temporary Certificate of Approval Issued
Receiver
Registered Child Sex Offender
Release Conditions
Required to Arrest
Required to be Located/Intelligence Required
Restraining Order Person
Returning Overseas Offender
Revoked, Disqualified, Suspended
Road Safety Target
Roadside Suspension Forbidden
Roadside Suspension Forbidden to operate. No Transport Service Licence
Roadside Suspension Incorrect licence class
Roadside Suspension Temporary
Scrap Metal Receiver
Scrap Metal Thief
Self Harm
Suicidal Tendency
Suspended DLSO
Tagger
Temporarily Released Prisoner
Temporary Licence Suspension
Threat
Trespass
Truant
Under Court Ordered Prohibition Order
Updated Address Required for Service of Medical Revocation
Use of Force - TOR
Uses / Carries Firearms
Uses or Carries Knife / Other Weapon
Vetting Monitor
Victim Intervention Plan in place
Violence - Assaults Police/Law Enforcement Officer
Violence - (Other)
VOVO Act Non Contact Order Victim
VOVO Non Contact Order Offender
Wanted for Service of Demerit Points Suspension Notice
Wanted for service of demerit points suspension or medical suspension / revocation
Wanted for Service of Summons / Other Document
Wanted for Service of Suspension Letter
Wanted to Interview
Warrant to Arrest
Zero alcohol level allowed
Location alerts
Booby Traps
Business Location of the Holder of a dealer firearms Licence
Clan Lab Address
Criminal Rehabilitation
Dangerous Dogs
Domestic Violence Act Protection Orders
Drug Manufacturing House
Drug Rehabilitation
Family Violence
Firearms Licensing Alerts
Firearms stored at location of the holder of a firearms licence endorsement
Fortified Property
FV Alarm Fitted Do NOT Disclose
Gang Address (Pad)
Home Detention
Housing NZ Property
Intelligence information required / held
Juvenile Halfway House
Known Drug Dealer / Tinnie House
Linked Person Alert
Other (Specify)
Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Radio Transmission / Mobility Coverage Impaired
Security Location of Firearms Licence Holder Threatened Witness Residence
Trespass Order
Under Camera Surveillance by Occupants
Uses Radio Scanners
Violence Used against Police in Past
Organisation Alerts
Closure of Licensed Premises
Fines Warrant
Important Information
Intelligence Information Required / Held
Members Violent
Other (Specify)
Person Safety Alert
PSPPI Licence Application
PSPPI Licence Issued
Roadside Suspension Forbidden to operate. No Transport Service Licence
Threat
Vehicle Alerts
Vehicle Abandoned
Vehicle Blue Sticker s248 LTA
Vehicle Breach of Cruising Bylaw
Vehicle Damaged / Wrecked / Written Off
Vehicle Driver Forbidden to Drive
Vehicle Driver known to supply False Information
Vehicle Forged
Vehicle Found
Vehicle Green - Discretionary issued under sec 115(2A)
Vehicle Green - Issued for defects
Vehicle Green - Issued under section 96(1B) for Illegal Street Racing
Vehicle Important Information
Vehicle Impounded
Vehicle Known to be driven by Child Abuser
Vehicle Known to be driven by Disqualified Driver
Vehicle Known to be driven under the influence of Drugs or Alcohol
Vehicle Known to be Used for Breaching Driving Hours
Vehicle Located Stolen Vehicle
Vehicle Organisation Safety Alert
Vehicle Other (Specify)
Vehicle Person Safety Alert
Vehicle Petrol Drive off
Vehicle Pink Sticker
Vehicle Repossessed
Vehicle Seized
Vehicle Sought
Vehicle Stolen
Vehicle Surrendered
Vehicle Towed
Vehicle Under Observation
Vehicle Wrecked
Vehicle Written off - Insurance Company
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